This research attempts to explore, scan, and analyze the relevant and most recent literature on the employment of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in the supply chain management (SCM) domain. The key objective is to map the research progression trend and mark the potential research gaps systematically and objectively. We employed bibliometric analysis to accomplish the stated research objectives. We carried out a full-text search of 143 research papers published in Scopus-indexed journals during 2020–2023. The research areas, which include holistic supply chains, selected aspects of supply chains, collaborative and integrative capabilities of supply chains, and supply chain resilience during crises, were ascertained through content analysis of the constituting research papers. This research contributes to the supply chain domain by identifying the prominent research constituents, highlighting their underlying motivations for adopting PLS-SEM, outlining the scope for extending PLS-SEM in SCM studies, proposing the major research themes, and drafting an agenda for future research.